Lesson 6: What Do You Like and Why?
Welcome to The Royal Visions A2 Grammar Course
Course Director: Mr. Johannes Moloto
Course Creator: Mr. Johannes Moloto
Lesson Objectives
🎯 What you will learn:
- How to say something has not happened using the Present Perfect.
- How to use ‘have not’ (haven’t) and ‘has not’ (hasn’t).
- To use the past participle in negative sentences.
- To use time words like ‘yet’ and ‘never’.
🟦 What Is the Present Perfect – Negative?
The present perfect negative tells us that something has not happened before now.
🧒 Think like this:
🔹 “She has eaten.” → Yes, it happened.
🔹 “She has not eaten.” → No, it didn’t happen.
🧠 How to Make a Negative Sentence
Here is the structure:
Subject + have/has + not + Past Participle
| Subject | Use “has not” or “have not”? | Example |
|---|---|---|
| I / You | have not (haven’t) | I have not seen that movie. |
| He / She / It | has not (hasn’t) | She has not finished. |
| We / They | have not (haven’t) | They have not visited us. |
✅ Use Contractions (Short Form)
In spoken English, we often use short forms (contractions).
| Full Form | Short Form |
|---|---|
| have not | haven’t |
| has not | hasn’t |
🗣️ Example Sentences:
I haven’t done my homework.
He hasn’t called me.
We haven’t finished yet.
🧩 Past Participle & Time Words
💡 Always use the past participle (the third verb form) in the present perfect, even in negative sentences.
We often use these time expressions in negative sentences:
- yet (we expect something to happen)
- never (not even one time)
- today / this week (for unfinished time periods)
I haven’t seen her today.
He hasn’t called yet.
We have never been to Japan.
🗣️ More Example Sentences
Read these sentences to practice.
She hasn’t finished her lunch.
They haven’t gone to the party.
I haven’t been there.
He hasn’t written the letter.
We haven’t cleaned the room.
Conclusion & Summary
✅ Let’s Remember!
- Present perfect negative = has/have + not + past participle.
- Use hasn’t for he/she/it, and haven’t for I/you/we/they.
- Use past participles (e.g., gone, done, eaten).
- Use time expressions like yet, today, never.
You’re ready for the Review Quiz! 🎉
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